Describe the difference between torque and preload in a fastener and why preload is critical in aircraft joints?

• A. Torque is the axial clamping force; preload is the turning force.
• B. Preload is the axial clamping force; torque is the turning force.
• C. Torque is the applied turning force; preload is the axial clamping force; correct preload ensures joint integrity and prevents loosening.
• D. Preload is the electric current through the fastener.

Answer: (C)